Eswatini

Eswatini is a repressive absolute monarchy where King Mswati III controls the legislative, judicial, and executive powers. As a result, the regime subjects the population to an inability to handle the economy and a lack of respect for human rights. Although political parties are officially prohibited, several parties still operate. In 2021, Mswati III deployed the military against protesters advocating for democratic reforms. Subsequently, a series of 'national dialogues' were established, addressing reforms to the political system in Eswatini.

These have led to the decision to establish a permanent 'Forum for National Dialogue'. However, the opposition and the government have not been able to agree on the format and composition of the forum, which remain unrealized so far. Multilateral attempts to encourage political reforms are also at a standstill, most recently with the cancellation of talks with the South African Development Community in July 2022.

Nevertheless, there are strong signs of social change putting pressure on the monarchy. Modernization and technological advancements are altering the way urban youth think, while declining wages and police brutality create widespread dissatisfaction. Large demonstrations continue to take place but are met with brutal repression. Civil society groups and political parties challenge the regime and push for democratic changes.

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